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The monument rests on a floodplain of the Congaree River and is not a true swamp. This remnant preserves, in a wilderness state, the largest intact tract of old-growth bottomland hardwood forest in the United States. The monument was authorized as a unit of the National Park Service on October 18, 1976.
Three features give national significance: some of the tallest trees in the East with one of the highest canopies in the world, broad biodiversity, and old-growth forest. The monument is recognized as an International Biosphere Reserve, National Natural Landmark, Wilderness Area, and "Continentally Important Bird Area."
Desginations
October 18, 1976 - National Monument
June 30, 1983 - International Biosphere Reserve
October 24, 1988 - Wilderness
October 18, 1974 - Natural National Landmark
February 2, 1998 - Continentally Important Bird Area
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